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Oreste Zamor
Emmanuel Oreste Zamor (1861–1915) served as president of Haiti in 1914.
During the Haitian civil war of 1912, Oreste Zamor and his brother Charles, both generals, supported Caimito Ramírez and harbored his troops within their districts. In 1914, the two brothers entered the war, resulting in a "short and extremely chaotic" presidency for Oreste from February 8 to October 29 of that year.〔Jan Lundius and Mats Lundahl, ''Peasants and Religion: A Socioeconomic Study of Dios Olivorio and the Palma Sola Movement in the Dominican Republic'' (Routledge, 2000), p. 105, with an additional source on Zamor's presidency in note 320.〕 He was opposed in his bid for the presidency by General Davilmar Théodore, who refused to recognize his authority, and by U.S. businessmen who had financial interests in Haiti.〔Edward S. Kaplan, ''U.S. Imperialism in Latin America: Bryan's Challenges and Contributions, 1900–1920'' (Greenwood Press, 1998), pp. 58–59.〕
The U.S. government sought American control of customs in Haiti and of the Môle-Saint-Nicolas from the Zamor government, which first demanded U.S. recognition of its legitimacy. The French and German governments opposed U.S. demands, and Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan submitted a modified proposal (the Farnham Plan, involving oversight of customs and Haitian finance and credit) to Charles Zamor. The Zamors declined to accept the plan unless the U.S. created the appearance that they were under military pressure to do so.〔Kaplan, ''U.S. Imperialism in Latin America'', p. 59.〕 The plan was never implemented, and civil strife in Haiti was renewed in the summer of 1914.〔Kaplan, ''U.S. Imperialism in Latin America'', pp. 59–60.〕 After four months of fighting, Oreste Zamor was ousted from the presidency and succeeded by Theodore.〔Kaplan, ''U.S. Imperialism in Latin America'', p. 61.〕 He was executed the next year by the government of Vilbrun Guillaume Sam.
==See also==
* Falling State (1911-1915)
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